Red light therapy (photobiomodulation)
Red and near-infrared light therapy works through a process known as photobiomodulation (PBM). Specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light penetrate the skin and interact with cells in underlying tissues.
Inside the cell, these wavelengths are absorbed by a mitochondrial enzyme called cytochrome c oxidase. This interaction stimulates the mitochondria, which are responsible for producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary source of cellular energy.
Increased ATP production allows cells to perform repair and recovery processes more efficiently. This cellular stimulation may lead to:
- improved tissue repair
- reduced inflammatory signaling
- enhanced circulation
- increased oxygen delivery to tissues
These effects help support recovery in areas experiencing muscle soreness, joint stiffness, or inflammation-related discomfort.
Near-infrared light can penetrate deeper into muscle and joint tissues compared to visible red light, making it particularly useful for pain relief and muscle recovery.